肺阻塞應如何復健?
肺阻塞了,針對恢復肺部功能,醫療團隊研究出一系列的治療方式;在實用技巧上,除了呼吸肌、呼吸技巧訓練之外,還需注意規律運動,在日常生活中隨時提醒自己好好的呼吸,配合適度的藥物指導,持續追蹤病情,與醫療團隊溝通,適時調整復健計畫,最終將能重拾呼吸自由!
本文將深入淺出地說明如何將肺部復健計畫融入您的日常生活,讓您重新擁有生命的自主權!
如何重拾呼吸自由?肺部復健計畫的核心要素
調整好呼吸頻率,能改善心情,也能提升健康;肺部復健計畫是一個整合多種療法的多面向治療途徑,為了達到最佳效果,除了透過特定呼吸技巧的練習之外,肺部復健計畫還有哪些核心要素?
運動放第一
運動是增強心肺功能的好方式,也是肺部復健的基石,透過規律體能活動,還能提升耐力、減輕呼吸困難症狀。
呼吸訓練排第二
透過呼吸肌訓練,可強化呼吸肌肉力量,改善呼吸效率,學習正確呼吸技巧,例如:腹式呼吸和噘嘴呼吸,有助於控制呼吸、減輕呼吸困難。
藥物使用在第三
正確使用吸入器和噴霧器等藥物裝置,確保藥物有效到達肺部,控制病情。
最後二大要點
- 一是心理素質要加強,提供心理支持和焦慮管理訓練,有助應對疾病帶來的負面情緒。
- 二是生活活動要調整,學習節省體力和調整活動步調的技巧,讓您在日常生活中更輕鬆自如。
了解核心要素的復健方式之後,接下來,認識肺部復健的概念和治療項目,這是一個由胸腔科醫師、呼吸治療師、物理/職能治療師等,專業醫療團隊執行的計畫。以下提供六大實用技巧和建議。
要活就要動:運動融入生活
設定合理的運動目標
初期可從短時間、低強度的運動開始,例如每天散步10-15分鐘,循序漸進地增加運動時間和強度,切勿操之過急,以免造成身體不適。
選擇適合的運動
散步、游泳、瑜珈、太極拳等,都是適合肺阻塞患者的運動,選擇自己喜歡的運動類型,能提高運動的持續性。肺復原治療的目標是,維持現有的呼吸功能在最佳狀況,從而維持相當程度的生活品質。
居家運動
在家中可以進行如原地踏步、抬腿、伸展操等簡單的運動。
運動融入日常
將運動融入日常活動中,如爬樓梯代替搭電梯,步行或騎自行車代替開車。
監測血氧飽和度
運動過程中,應密切監測血氧飽和度,確保維持在88%以上。若出現血氧下降、心跳過快、頭暈等症狀,應立即停止運動並休息。
呼吸技巧隨時練
腹式呼吸
平躺或舒適地坐著,將一隻手放在腹部,吸氣時腹部隆起,吐氣時腹部凹陷;每天練習數次,每次5-10分鐘。
噘嘴呼吸
吸氣時鼻子吸氣,吐氣時像吹口哨一樣噘起嘴巴slowly吐氣,吐氣時間應比吸氣時間長,感到呼吸困難時,可以練習噘嘴呼吸來緩解症狀。台中慈濟醫院也提醒飲水充足的重要性,以便有效清除痰液和改善呼吸。
融入日常生活
在日常生活中,如做家事、看電視時,也可以練習腹式呼吸和噘嘴呼吸,讓呼吸技巧成為一種習慣。
藥物管理不輕忽
正確使用吸入器和噴霧器
請醫療專業人員指導正確的吸入器和噴霧器使用方法,確保藥物能有效到達肺部,控制病情。例如:台中慈濟醫院提到的長效乙二型交感神經刺激劑等,吸入性用藥。
按時服藥
遵照醫囑按時服藥,切勿自行停藥或調整劑量。
藥物副作用
了解藥物可能的副作用,出現不適時立即告知醫師。
生活起居要調整
節省體力
學習節省體力的技巧,將常用的物品放在容易拿取的地方、使用輔助工具等。
調整活動步調
將活動拆解成小步驟,並在活動之間安排休息時間。
維持良好姿勢
良好的姿勢有助於呼吸順暢。
均衡飲食
攝取均衡的營養,有助於維持身體健康,增強抵抗力。研究顯示,每日攝取蔬菜的患者,對於肺部復健的反應更佳。
戒菸
吸菸是肺阻塞的主要危險因子,藝人孫越,因長年吸菸導致COPD,突顯了吸菸的可怕性。
尋求心理支持
參與病友支持團體或尋求心理諮商,有助於應對疾病帶來的壓力和焦慮。
科技輔助要善用
隨著科技的發展,一些電子裝置和應用程式可以幫助您監測病情、記錄運動進展,並提供個人化的復健指導。例如:「六分鐘行走測試」可以透過自動化系統記錄和分析您的步行距離和速度,幫助您評估運動能力的進展。健保署推出的「全民健康保險氣喘醫療給付改善方案(P4P)」結合雙向轉診和衛教,有效降低氣喘急診和住院比例,也顯示科技輔助的重要性。
追蹤調整要持續
肺部復健是一個持續的過程,請定期回診追蹤病情,並與醫療團隊討論復健計畫的執行情況,根據自身情況調整復健計畫的內容和強度。加入P4P的病患門診回診率比未加入的高出20%,突顯規律回診的重要性。
結語
將肺部復健計畫融入日常生活,需要耐心和毅力。肺部復健的目的在於延緩肺功能退化或使殘餘肺功能發揮最大效益,以改善呼吸困難症狀,這與藝人孫越努力對抗COPD,維持生活品質的目標一致;記住,這是一個需要持續努力的過程,只要堅持下去,就能看見美好的成果。
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