幼兒園爆發腸病毒，如何有效防疫？
親愛的家長們，最近腸病毒疫情有些升溫，尤其對於幼兒園來說，真的得格外小心！根據統計，每年台灣都會有腸病毒的流行期，尤其夏季最為盛行，5歲以下的小朋友是最容易感染的族群，且他們的重症風險也比較高，為了保護我們的小寶貝，一些機構像是高雄市社會局等，已經發布了相關的防疫指引，根據世界衛生組織（WHO）及其他國際機構對於傳染病預防的建議，並結合對幼兒日常行為的觀察，提供了更實用的防疫建議。今天我們也整理了幾個實用的防疫小撇步，希望能幫助您和孩子一起對抗腸病毒，讓孩子們健康快樂地成長！
勤洗手，建立正確洗手觀念
腸病毒主要透過糞口、飛沫及接觸傳染，勤洗手是最有效的方法之一。
何時該洗手？
- 飯前、飯後
- 上廁所後
- 玩玩具後
- 咳嗽、打噴嚏或擤鼻涕後
- 接觸口鼻分泌物後（如幫孩子擦鼻涕）
- 外出返家
正確洗手5步驟
- 濕潤雙手：用清水充分淋濕。
- 塗抹肥皂或洗手乳：搓出泡沫。
- 搓揉雙手：至少20秒，包括手心、手背、指縫、指尖、拇指及手腕。
- 沖洗雙手：用清水徹底沖洗。
- 擦乾雙手：用乾淨毛巾或紙巾擦乾。
乾洗手≠洗手
WHO建議使用含有70-95%乙醇或70-100%異丙醇的酒精性乾洗手液，能在60秒內有效殺滅病毒。在沒有肥皂和清水的情況下，可以使用酒精性乾洗手液。但請注意，乾洗手液並不能完全取代洗手，如果雙手明顯髒污，仍要用肥皂和清水洗手。
如何讓孩子愛上洗手？
透過遊戲、兒歌等方式，讓孩子學習正確步驟，養成勤洗手的習慣。幼兒園老師以身作則，讓孩子從日常生活中模仿。
維持良好的個人衛生習慣
避免用手觸摸眼口鼻
腸病毒主要透過糞口、飛沫或接觸傳染。教導孩子避免用手觸摸眼口鼻，可減少病毒入侵的機會。
咳嗽禮儀
咳嗽或打噴嚏時，用衛生紙或手肘遮住口鼻，避免飛沫散播。使用過的衛生紙應立即丟棄，並徹底洗手。
避免共用物品
不共用餐具、水杯、毛巾等個人用品。台灣兒童感染症醫學會強調，避免共用物品，以減少交叉感染的風險。
加強環境清潔消毒
定期消毒玩具和常接觸的表面：幼兒園應定期使用稀釋後的漂白水或其他消毒劑，消毒玩具、桌椅、門把、水龍頭等孩子常接觸的表面。
保持環境通風：保持室內流通，降低病毒在空氣中的濃度。
落實生病不上學的規定
觀察孩子健康狀況
家長每天留意孩子的健康狀況，如果出現發燒、喉嚨痛、疱疹性咽峽炎、手足口病等腸病毒症狀，應立即就醫，並在家休息。
與學校保持聯繫
當孩子確診腸病毒時，應立即通知學校，並讓病童進行隔離或停課至少一週，以防止病毒在幼兒園或托兒所內擴散，確保其他孩童的健康。
加強家園合作，共同防疫
積極配合學校防疫措施
家長應積極配合學校的防疫措施，例如：每日量體溫、填寫健康記錄表等。衛生福利部提醒家長注意嬰幼兒的衛生，並觀察是否出現重症前兆病徵。
主動與老師溝通
如對學校防疫措施有疑問或建議，請主動與老師溝通，共同為孩子的健康把關。
幼兒園的防疫工作需要家長和學校共同努力，唯有透過良好衛生習慣、環境清潔消毒及生病不上學的規定，才能有效降低傳播風險，保護孩子健康。。
常見問題
Q: 腸病毒的潛伏期有多長？
約2-10天，平均3-5天。
Q: 腸病毒的主要症狀有哪些？
包括發燒、喉嚨痛、疱疹性咽峽炎、手足口病、肌炎、腦炎等。韓國演員李丞涓分享他感染諾如病毒（腸道病毒的一種）的經歷，出現嘔吐、腹瀉、極度疲倦、畏寒、發熱和肌肉痛等症狀，提醒大家注意食品與環境衛生。
Q: 腸病毒如何傳染？
主要透過糞口、飛沫或接觸傳染。
Q: 腸病毒可以治療嗎？
目前沒有特效藥，以支持性療法為主，例如：退燒、止痛、補充水分等。韓國演員李丞涓感染諾如病毒後，透過補充水分和電解質來緩解症狀。
Q: 如何預防腸病毒？
最有效的方法是勤洗手、維持良好的個人衛生習慣、加強環境清潔消毒以及生病不上學。
統計指出，腸病毒71型可以導致腦炎、心肌炎等嚴重併發症，尤其對幼兒來說可能危及生命。讓我們一起攜手合作，為孩子們打造一個健康安全的學習環境！
Reference
[1] The Recommended and Excessive Preventive Behaviors during the COVID19 Pandemic: A CommunityBased Online Survey in China. /International journal of environmental research and public health /2020 LINK
[2] Kindergartens Reopening in the Period of Regular Epidemic Prevention and Control, Benefitial or Harmful? /Current medical science /2020 LINK
[3] A Retrospective Outbreak Investigation of a COVID19 Case Cluster in a Berlin Kindergarten, November 2020. /International journal of environmental research and public health /2021 LINK
[4] Knowledge, Awareness, and Prevention of Norovirus Infection among Kindergarten Parents in Chengdu, China. /International journal of environmental research and public health /2022 LINK
[5] Hand Sanitizers: A Review on Formulation Aspects, Adverse Effects, and Regulations. /International journal of environmental research and public health /2020 LINK
[6] Transmission of SARSCoV2: an update of current literature. /European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology /2020 LINK
[7] A systematic review of emerging human coronavirus (SARSCoV2) outbreak: focus on disinfection methods, environmental survival, and control and prevention strategies. /Environmental science and pollution research international /2021 LINK
[8] Respiratory viruses in foods and their potential transmission through the diet: A review of the literature. /Environmental research /2021 LINK
[9] Risk Stratification and Personal Protective Equipment Use in Pediatric Endoscopy During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak: A Singlecenter Protocol. /Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition /2020 LINK
[10] Adolescents’ face mask usage and contact transmission in novel Coronavirus. /Journal of public health research /2020 LINK
[11] Can not touching the nose or eyes help cold prevention? Possibility of application using a smartwatch and selfchecking. /Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference /2020 LINK
[12] Ocular surface: A route for SARS CoV2 transmission a case report. /Brain hemorrhages /2021 LINK
[13] Study Elucidating Disinfection at Nursery Schools in Ibaraki, Japan. /Biocontrol science /2021 LINK
[14] Identification of Phthalates from Artificial Products in Chinese Kindergarten Classrooms and the Implications for Preschool Children’s Exposure Assessments. /International journal of environmental research and public health /2022 LINK
[15] Effect of Hand Hygiene Intervention in Community Kindergartens: A QuasiExperimental Study. /International journal of environmental research and public health /2022 LINK
[16] Challenges and Actions of IAQ under COVID19: A Survey of Taiwanese People’s Perception of Epidemic Prevention and Indoor Places Certification. /International journal of environmental research and public health /2022 LINK
[17] Effectiveness of Isolation Policies in Schools: Evidence from a Mathematical Model of Influenza and COVID19. /medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences /2020 LINK
[18] Characteristics of Nosocomial Infections in Children Screened for SARSCoV2 Infection in China. /Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research /2020 LINK
[19] Viral symptoms in children and SARSCOV2: information for pediatric dentists for the control of transmission. /Brazilian oral research /2022 LINK
[20] When do children avoid infection risks: Lessons for schools during the COVID19 pandemic. /iScience /2022 LINK
[21] Healtheducation to prevent COVID19 in schoolchildren: a call to action. /Infectious diseases of poverty /2020 LINK
[22] LifeChanging Experiences of Mothers with SchoolAge Children during the COVID19 Pandemic: Focusing on Their Health Risk Perceptions and HealthRelated Behaviors. /International journal of environmental research and public health /2021 LINK
[23] Knowledge, Awareness, and Prevention of Norovirus Infection among Kindergarten Parents in Chengdu, China. /International journal of environmental research and public health /2022 LINK
[24] Effect of Hand Hygiene Intervention in Community Kindergartens: A QuasiExperimental Study. /International journal of environmental research and public health /2022 LINK
[25] Enterovirus A71 Infection and Neurologic Disease, Madrid, Spain, 2016. /Emerging infectious diseases /2019 LINK
[26] Enterovirus A71 neurologic complications and longterm sequelae. /Journal of biomedical science /2019 LINK
[27] Hypoxia and therapeutic treatment of EVA71 with an immune modulator TLR7 agonist in a new immunocompetent mouse model. /Journal of biomedical science /2019 LINK
[28] A 53YearOld Man Presents to the ED With Shortness of Breath, Cough, and Fever. /Chest /2021 LINK